Project outcomes

  • Deliver recommendations for future research towards targeted energy reduction interventions and equipment where these have been indicated by the project results.
  • Develop a system for energy monitoring and benchmarking including data collection, synthesis and reconciliation, and index calculation.
  • Make recommendations for the implementation of an inter-factory benchmarking system.

Focus areas

  • Overall energy transfer design via exergy analysis
  • Potential for alternative renewable energy supply through solar energy concentration
  • Process energy use reduction through development of gas hydrate water separation as a novel energy efficient technology
  • Energy use reduction during operation through development of monitoring and benchmarking tools

Investigations into waste heat recovery technologies and solar process heat integration did not identify significant opportunities for energy cost savings in raw sugar production. Similarly, new gas hydrate technology for reducing the energy cost of concentrating sugar juice does not show technical or economic promise. However, a monitoring and benchmarking strategy developed for tracking energy consumption in sugar production shows significant potential for savings by identifying causes of high consumption in a highly complex and interactive energy supply system. The approach allows reasonable factory-specific targets to be identified and maps critical supply management bottlenecks. A case study suggests that the approach has potential to save as much as R 3.4 million/year in a factory with a high fuel bill, and up to R 10 million/year across the South African industry without significant capital investment. The Excel-based tools that have been built have been effective for retrospective analysis of energy supply efficiency. The follow-on SIF project Sugarcane Technology Enabling Programme – Sugar Factory 4.0 (STEP-SF4.0) will digitize​ these tools for real time energy supply management.​​​


Dr Kitty Foxon

Research & Development, SMRI

(Previously) Prof. Frank Dinter

Solar Thermal Energy Research Group, Stellenbosch University

Dr Prathieka Naidoo

Thermodynamics Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal

Prof. Johann Görgens

Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University

Hess S, Beukes H, Smith G. and Dinter F. (2016) Solar process heat for South African sugar mills Int Solar Energy Soc Selection 290-301 doi:10.18086.eurosun/2016.02.14

Foxon KM, Loubser RC, Smith GT, Davis SB and Stolz HNP (2016) Strategies for monitoring energy consumption in sugarcane processing factories. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 89:52-69

Hess S, Beukes H, Smith G. and Dinter F. (2016) Initial study on solar process heat for South African sugar mills Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 89:324-349

Loubser RC, Foxon KM, Hocking GC, Gibson E and Mitchell S (2016) The process energy value chain. Proc. Int. Soc. Sug. Cane Technol. 29:754-763

Masondo L and Foxon K (2017) A Strategy for monitoring and reporting continuous energy consumption in a typical raw sugar mill. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 90:259-281

Doubra P, Naidoo P, Nelson W and Ramjugernath D (2017) Sugar cane juice concentration and separation with hydrate technology. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 90:468

Krog W, Hess S, Hoffmann J and Dinter F (2017) Solar live steam generation and solar bagasse drying for South African sugar mills. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 90:293-296

Krog W, Hess S, Hoffmann J and Dinter F (2017) Solar live steam generation for South African sugar mills. SolarPACES, Santiago

Foxon KM and Starzak M (2018) Upgrading the utility plant module for the generic sugar mill model. Proc. S Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 91:273-288

Foxon KM and Masondo LL (2018) Degree of freedom analysis for steam balance monitoring calculations. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 91:279

Doubra P, Naidoo P, Nelson W and Ramjugernath D. (2019) Sugarcane juice concentration using gas hydrate technology. Proc. S Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 92: 250-253

Foxon KM (2019) An evaporator station model for estimating steam conversion and consumption. Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass 92: 334-352


Hess S, Beukes H, Smith G. and Dinter F. (2016) Solar process heat for South African sugar mills Int Solar Energy Soc Selection 290-301 doi:10.18086.eurosun/2016.02.14

Foxon KM, Loubser RC, Smith GT, Davis SB and Stolz HNP (2016) Strategies for monitoring energy consumption in sugarcane processing factories. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 89:52-69

Hess S, Beukes H, Smith G. and Dinter F. (2016) Initial study on solar process heat for South African sugar mills Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 89:324-349

Loubser RC, Foxon KM, Hocking GC, Gibson E and Mitchell S (2016) The process energy value chain. Proc. Int. Soc. Sug. Cane Technol. 29:754-763

Masondo L and Foxon K (2017) A Strategy for monitoring and reporting continuous energy consumption in a typical raw sugar mill. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 90:259-281

Doubra P, Naidoo P, Nelson W and Ramjugernath D (2017) Sugar cane juice concentration and separation with hydrate technology. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 90:468

Krog W, Hess S, Hoffmann J and Dinter F (2017) Solar live steam generation and solar bagasse drying for South African sugar mills. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 90:293-296

Krog W, Hess S, Hoffmann J and Dinter F (2017) Solar live steam generation for South African sugar mills. SolarPACES, Santiago

Foxon KM and Starzak M (2018) Upgrading the utility plant module for the generic sugar mill model. Proc. S Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 91:273-288

Foxon KM and Masondo LL (2018) Degree of freedom analysis for steam balance monitoring calculations. Proc. S. Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 91:279

Doubra P, Naidoo P, Nelson W and Ramjugernath D. (2019) Sugarcane juice concentration using gas hydrate technology. Proc. S Afr. Sug. Technol. Ass. 92: 250-253

Foxon KM (2019) An evaporator station model for estimating steam conversion and consumption. Proc S Afr Sug Technol Ass 92: 334-352